1. Make qualitative predictions of how the equilibrium will shift when changing concentration perturbs an equilibrium mixture.
2. Define and distinguish between Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories of acids and bases and be able to identify an acid or base with any of the theories.
3. Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in an acid-base reaction.
4. Write the conjugate base or conjugate acid of a given base or acid.
5. Decide on the relative strengths of acids and bases using tables.
6. Predict the products in an acid-base reaction.
7. Identify the common strong acids and strong bases.
8. Write autoionization reactions for water and other molecules.
9. Calculate the pH of a strong acid or base, and relate [H3O+] and [OH-] through Kw, and relate pH and pOH through the expression for Kw.
10. Identify a weak or strong acid or base and write dissociation equations to represent its ionization in water.
11. Calculate Ka or Kb, pH, or the molarity of a weak acid or weak base given two of these values.
12. Determine whether a salt solution is acidic, basic or neutral and calculate the pH of the solution.
13. Calculate the pH of a polyprotic acid
14. Appreciate
the connection between the structure of a compound and its acidity or basicity
and make predictions about strength based on structure (RAS system)