Principia
Discussion Questions for Last Standing Woman by Winona LaDuke

Part III - The Occupation  p. 159-220

31.  What is "lateral oppression"?  How is it manifested on White Earth?

32.  What is the significance of the AK47 assault rifle?

33.  What sense of Native American humor do you get here?

34.  Who is Kway Dole?  Is she an ogichidaa?

35.  What happens to Hawk?
 

Part IV - Oshki Anishinaabeg - "The New People" and Epilogue pp. 225-299

36.  1994  How do humor and magic enter into the leeching story?

37.  Who are Frances Graves's ancestors?  What do the Women Warriors do?

38.  What do you make of Father Thomas ("the oldest white man in the world") returning to bury Boodoo?

39.  Describe Claire St. Clair's "chronic spiritual anxiety"

40.  What is the irony in the rummage queen story?

41.  Why is repatriating the bodies so important?  What is the third miracle? p. 284

42.  Who is the last standing woman now?

43.  Who is the Ishkwegaabawiikwe of the epilogue?

44.  How has this text influenced your view of Native Americans?

45.  How do you think Native Americans would view you?  Why?

46.  How do we improve relationships between whites and Native Americans?

47.  How do you now view the two statements with which we began our study?

"I do not believe that time is linear.  Instead, I have come to believe that time is in cycles, and that the future is a part of our past and the past is a part of our future.  Always, however, we are in new cycles.  The cycles omit some pieces and collect other pieces of our stories and our lives."
 

 "We are what we are intended to be when we have those three things that guide our direction -- our name, our clan, and our religion.