Psy 212

Exam 3 – Review Sheet

Ch 5: Culture and Diversity

• Multi-cultural education models, melting pot model
• Sex, gender, race, ethnicity
• The effects of ethnicity, gender, race, sex, socioeconomic status (SES) on achievement
• Gender differences in abilities and in school interactions
• Definition and dimensions of culture
• Learned helplessness, resistance culture, de-identification
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Bilingualism and cognitive development
• Stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination
• Stereotype threat
• Bennett’s model and stages of intercultural sensitivity development

Ch 6: Behavioral Views of Learning

• Bandura, Thorndike, Pavlov, Skinner, Watson
• ABCs of behavior, Classical conditioning, Operant conditioning, antecedents, consequences, Respondent behavior, operant behavior
• CR, CS, UCR, UCS, generalization, discrimination, extinction, spontaneous recovery
• Premack principle
• Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment
• Continuous, fixed interval, fixed ratio, variable interval, variable ratio schedules of reinforcement
• Over justification effect, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation
• Cueing, prompting
• Token economy, shaping
• Positive practice, response cost, time out
• Side effects of the use of punishment and rewards
• Social Learning theory, observational learning, modeling, vicarious learning