LECTURE - we discussed the following in class

Myth Survey Results

• Which media myths did the majority of our INQ 100 class believe?
• For the surveys that the class collected across campus, were there any significant (real) differences between men and women in their belief of the 12 media myths?  Which myths were more likely to be believed by men than women?  Which were believed more by women than men?  Which, if any, of the myths were believed by the majority of men or women?

• Be able to identify the different parts of the mass media communication model developed by Laswell ("who says what to whom...")
• [From Laswell's model], what are some examples of "shared meaning" that are cognitive?  affective?  behavioral?

What are the key differences between realistic and unrealistic media portrayals, according to Galician?

What is a "myth"?

Be able to identify the basic characteristics and examples of the classic love myths (e.g., one and only perfect partner)

What is a "stereotype"?  How are they different than generalizations?  What are countertypes?  Why can even positive stereotypes have negative implications?

What are some of the effects of (gender) stereotyping on people's behavior?

What is the difference between "sex" and "gender"?

What are the gender role expectations for masculinity and femininity (in the U.S.) identified by Julia Wood?

What are some ways that institutions reflect, create, and sustain gender stereotypes and expectations?

What female and male stereotypes have been identified in the workplace/organizational setting, and how might they be harmful to individuals?

What does it mean to say that the media act as a gatekeeper?

What kinds of stereotypical representations of male/female relationships does Julia Wood identify in the media?

What is the link between expectations and satisfaction in relationships?

What is a "negative correlation"?

"Katz & Liu's 'False Love Syndrome'" - What are the keys to relational success, according to Katz and Liu, and what are some of the illusions that people believe in the "false love syndrome"?

What are the five dysfunctional relationship beliefs that Eidelson and Epstein identify, and how do they effect people's communication behavior?

What types of sex/gender differences have been identified for expectations about relationships?  What kinds of problems can these differences lead to between men and women?

What is psychological androgyny (Bem)?  What does it mean to be "sex-typed"?

Distinguish among the 6 different love styles (Lee) discussed in class (pragma, agape, etc.)

What are relational currencies (Wilkinson)?  How does similarities in preferences for relational currencies affect satisfaction in relationships?

"Sternberg's Triangular Theory" - What are the three components of COMPLETE love, according to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, and what is this type of love called?  What distinguishes this type of love from romantic love?

What is the role of positive interaction in the success of relationships, according to Gottman?  What kinds of gender differences, if any, has Gottman observed in marital conflict?

Galician identifies 18 media tactics/techniques used to shape our understanding of media messages; you should be able to recognize and explain why each of these techniques is used

Why are media myths and stereotypes so appealing/influential?

• What does it mean to be "socialized"?  What are the various influences that socialize us?
• What did Marshall McLuhan mean when he argued that "the medium is the message"?
• What is the Basic premise behind Gerbner's Cultivation Analysis?  What is the "mean world syndrome"?  What did Gerbner find in his research about how well diversity is represented in the media?
• What are the cumulative effects of receiving the same messages in the media?
• How does Social Learning Theory explain why we absorb messages, and how does Cognitive Development Theory differ?
• What is the difference between information processing using the central route vs. the peripheral route, as explained in the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion?  When is a person more likely to "elaborate" (use central processing) to evaluate a message?

• Differentiate among the four steps of the action learning model for critical analysis
• What are the three ways that one can "read" a "text"?  Which one most commonly represents the dominant culture and reinforces the status quo?
• What are the five central concepts of media literacy (and related questions) that one should keep in mind when evaluating media messages?

• Why is it important to: (1) use specific examples as evidence to support your claims; (2) use, and cite, credible sources to support your claims?
• In Step 3 (Deconstruction), why is it important to look at the following: other myths being portrayed; gender stereotypes and/or gender-role expectations being reinforced; narrative media techniques being used; what is "left out" of the message
• In Step 3, what is the difference between "content" and "form" (both of which should be commented upon in an critical analysis)
• In Step 4, what is the difference between preferred and resistive readings of a text, and why is the preferred reading more likely to be accepted by the masses?  (hint: think about how mass media theories might try to explain this, and how narrative media techniques might contribute to the reading)
• In Step 4, you are supposed to consider the possible effects of media portrayals on its readers.  Be able to identify examples of (1) cognitive, (2) affective, and (3) behavioral effects of the media.
• In Step 7, you describe an "action advocacy plan" that you can take as a result of critiquing your media example for Paper #2.  Be able to identify and explain the differences between personal, public, and professional actions.  Be able to identify or specify various kinds of resistive tactics discussed in class (and Galician's textbook).

• What are the two essential parts of an annotation?
• Be able to recognize and correct mistakes in an APA-style citation for a reference page
• How do you cite a source within a paper (i.e., in-text citations)?  What if you are using a direct quote?
• How is a title page set up using APA style?
• Be familiar with how to cite (a) a book and (b) a journal article, using APA style.  What if you retrieve the journal article from a library database?

• What is the basic message that each of these videos tells us about the media and how it influences people's perceptions of gender?
• According to these videos, what gender stereotypes/expectations are reinforced by the media?  How does this influence how men and women perceive how they should interact (romantically or otherwise) with one another?  What are some examples given to illustrate these points?
• What did you think was the most surprising (interesting, unusual, ... take your pick) "fact" in each video?

READINGS in Galician textbook - concepts listed below may have been touched on briefly in class or not at all–in either event, you should make sure you understand and know about the following:

Introduction

"My Precepts" - what basic assumptions (she calls them viewpoints) about relationships and media does Galician hold? (also discussed in lecture)

"What are 'Sex,' 'Love,' and 'Romance'?"" - What is the difference between how love is typically defined today and how love has been defined historically and by various researchers?

"Models of Mass Mediated Communication" - What are the different parts of the communication model described by Galician?;  How are the concepts of "shared meaning" and "psychological filters [ biases]" related to the process of communication?

"What are 'Unrealistic Portrayals'?" - What are the differences between realistic/rational and unrealistic/idealistic expectations for love?

"What are 'Analyses' & 'Criticism'?" - Identify (and distinguish between) what happens in an analysis of a media portrayal and a criticism of a media portrayal

"What are 'Myths'?" - Are myths true?  Why are myths so powerful?  Was marriage always based on love?

"What are 'Stereotypes'?" - What are the characteristics of stereotypes identified by Galician?  How are countertypes related to stereotypes?  What does it mean when Galician claims that "countertypes are often merely surface correctives"?

• "Sternberg's Triangular Theory" - What are the three components of COMPLETE love, according to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, and what is this type of love called?  What distinguishes this type of love from romantic love?  (also covered in Chapter 1)
• What is the main point for each of the following "Models of Realistic Love"?: Lazarus' Marital Myths; Sills' Psychologically Driven Criteria for Mate Selection; Hendrix' Imago Relationship Therapy; Schwartz' Peer Marriage

Why are mediated myths and stereotypes so powerful?

For each of the 18 media tactics/techniques used to shape our understanding of media messages, you should be able to recognize and explain why each of these techniques is used (corresponds with "Media Narrative Techniques" listed under LECTURE)

What is the "illusion of personal invulnerability"?

How do the "powerful effects" and "limited/minimalist effects" models of mass media persuasion differ from one another?  Make sure you understand the argument forwarded by the cultural theory model, which is that the "media are hegemonic."

"Relevant Theories and Studies of Mediated Portrayals..." - in general, how does media consumption affect the consumer?

"Galician's Continuing Research..." - make sure to understand the findings reported under the following sections: "Relationship Between Mass Media Usage and Romantic Expectations," "Differences Between the Two Age Groups," andd "Differences Between the Two Sexes"

• Does the movement toward media literacy promote censorship of media?
• What are the five central concepts of media literacy that one should keep in mind when evaluating media messages?
• In the "dis-illusioning" process, what is the main purpose of each step?

• For which myths do the statistics for Galician's classes (at Arizona State University) and for our (Concordia) campus look similar?  Which myths, if any, did Concordia students seem to believe more than Galician's students?  Which myths, if any, did Galician's students believe more than Concordia students?  Can you think of any reasons why these differences between the two schools might have occured?
• What is the meaning of the myth (don't just memorize the phrase that Galician uses)?  What are some possible harmful outcomes of believing this myth?
• Based on Galician's prescription for the myth, what should people believe or how should they behave instead in order to have more healthy relationships?
• You should be familiar with the "Additional Research" in Galician's textbook--look over your notes from class presentations on these, but use the textbook to clarify any points that you did not thoroughly understand